新余市仙女湖水质保护办法
江西省新余市人民政府
新余市仙女湖水质保护办法
第 9 号
《新余市仙女湖水质保护办法》已经2008年5月19日市七届人民政府第12次常务会议通过，现予公布，自2008年7月1日起施行。
市 长：
二○○八年五月三十日
新余市仙女湖水质保护办法
第一章 总则
第一条 为加强仙女湖水资源管理，保护和维持水质良好状态，保障全市人民生活饮用水水源安全，保持仙女湖生态平衡，根据《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》、《中华人民共和国内河交通安全管理条例》和《江西省生活饮用水水源污染防治办法》等法律、法规、规章，结合实际，制定本办法。
第二条 仙女湖湖体（含湖岸外侧一公里的陆地、所有入湖河口上溯10公里的河道、支流、溪流，以下同）的保护，适用本办法。
仙女湖水质保护实行“全面规划、合理布局、防治结合”的方针。
仙女湖水质保护坚持“统一管理、严格保护、合理开发、永续利用”的原则。
第三条 仙女湖水面资源由仙女湖风景名胜区管委会（以下简称仙女湖区管委会）统一管理。
新余市环境保护局（以下简称市环保部门）负责监督各有关单位落实仙女湖水质保护措施，并依法查处水污染事故。
江西省新余市地方海事局（以下称海事管理机构）对船舶污染仙女湖水域的防治实施监督管理。
市发展改革、经贸、旅游、建设、国土资源、交通、农业、林业、水利、公安、卫生等有关部门应当建立巡查制度，依法加强对仙女湖水质保护工作。
第四条 各县（区）人民政府、管委会负责本辖区内仙女湖水质保护工作，在制定和调整国民经济计划时，应按国家生活饮用水水源和国家风景名胜区的保护要求，将仙女湖水质保护纳入经济发展规划，合理调整产业结构和布局，防止水环境污染和生态环境遭到破坏。
仙女湖湖体范围内的乡镇政府、企事业单位应各负其责，协同做好仙女湖水质保护工作。
第五条 建立仙女湖水面资源开发和保护专项执法检查制度。由市人民政府组织有关部门定期或不定期地开展专项执法检查，提高执法效率和力度，保障仙女湖水面资源合理有序开发和保护。
第二章 饮用水水源保护区的划定与保护
第六条 实施饮用水水源保护区制度。仙女湖饮用水水源保护区（以下简称水源保护区）范围划分为一级保护区、二级保护区。
以取水口为中心，半径500米内的水域和取水点一侧的滩地为一级保护区（以下简称一级保护区）。
以取水口为中心，半径3000米内的水域和取水点一侧的滩地为二级保护区（以下简称二级保护区）。
第七条 一级保护区内的水质，适用国家《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3828-2002）Ⅱ类标准。
二级保护区的水质适用国家《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类标准。
第八条 在一级保护区、二级保护区范围外的仙女湖湖体禁止从事下列活动：
㈠向水体排放油类、酸液、剧毒废液及其他污染水体的废液；
㈡在水体清洗装贮过油类或者有毒污染物的车辆、容器；
㈢将含有汞、镉、砷、铅、氰化物、黄磷等可溶性剧毒废渣向水体排放、倾倒或者直接埋入地下；
㈣向水体排放、倾倒工业废渣、船舶垃圾、城市和农村生活垃圾及其他废弃物；
㈤在湖岸线（没有湖岸线的在最高洪水线）以下的滩地和岸坡堆放、存贮固体废弃物和其他污染物；
㈥向水体排放或者倾倒放射性固体废弃物或者含有高放射性和中放射性物质的废水；
㈦使用炸鱼、电鱼、毒鱼方式进行捕捞；
㈧围湖造田、围湖养殖及其他缩小仙女湖湖面的行为；
㈨吐痰、丢抛烟头、瓜皮、果壳、纸屑和其它废弃物；
㈩使用不可降解的一次性发泡塑料餐具；
（十一）溪流、支流两岸和湖岸100米内设置厕所、垃圾箱；
（十二）溪流、支流两岸私设暗管、挖设渗坑等方式排放污染物；
（十三）法律、法规、规章禁止从事的其他活动。
第九条 二级保护区内除禁止本办法第八条所列活动外，还禁止从事下列活动：
㈠设置排污口；
㈡新建、改建、扩建排放污染物的建设项目；
㈢设立装卸垃圾、油类及其他有毒、有害物品的码头；
㈣填埋或其他任何方式处理垃圾；
㈤法律、法规、规章禁止从事的其他活动。
第十条 一级保护区内除禁止本办法第八条、第九条所列活动外，还禁止从事下列活动：
㈠建设与供水设施和保护水源无关的建设项目；
㈡从事网箱养殖、旅游、游泳和其他可能污染水体的活动；
㈢法律、法规、规章禁止从事的其他活动。
第十一条 一级保护区外从事网箱养殖的必须向农业部门申请核发《养殖证》，禁止投放饲料、肥料、鱼用化学激素等。
第十二条 控制中心湖区水上休闲旅游项目的开发规模，鼓励向中心湖区以外的水域发展，逐步淘汰低档次的水上休闲娱乐项目。鼓励发展符合环保标准和高档次的水上综合娱乐项目。
第三章 船舶水污染防治
第十三条 仙女湖区管委会应当严格控制仙女湖船舶的总量。船舶更新应优先采用电瓶、太阳能等无污染能源为动力的船舶。
第十四条 在仙女湖行驶的所有船舶污染物排放必须达到国家排放标准。
任何机动船舶必须配备有盖、不渗漏、不外溢的垃圾储存容器，或者实行袋装，以满足航行过程存储船舶垃圾的需要。
任何船舶不得运载危险品。
第十五条 总长度为12米及以上的船舶应当设置统一格式的垃圾告示牌，告知船员和旅客关于垃圾管理的要求及处罚规定。
第十六条 客运、旅游船舶应当建立垃圾管理制度，配备专（兼）职环保监督管理员，负责船上环境卫生的管理工作。
船舶垃圾必须由有资质的单位接收处理。
第十七条 船舶动力装置运转产生的废气以及船上产生的挥发性有机化合物，不得超过国家规定的标准向大气排放。
第十八条 船舶所有人废弃船舶的，应当向海事管理机构办理船舶注销手续，并在规定期限内将废弃的船舶运出仙女湖水面。逾期未运出的，依法进行强制搬运，搬运费由船舶所有人承担。
第十九条 机动船舶从事营业性运输的，应依法向交通部门和工商部门申领有关证（照），依法向海事管理机构申领船舶登记证书、船舶检验证书。船员应当经过培训，并经海事管理机构考试合格取得相应证件后方可上岗。
禁止未经批准擅自驾驶、酒后驾驶和在主航道学习驾驶、试验船舶。
禁止非旅游经营性船舶从事或变相从事经营性活动。
第二十条 凡发生事故性污染的单位，应立即采取紧急措施，防止污染扩大，消除对人、畜、水体的危害，并于2小时内报当地人民政府和市环保部门。
船舶造成水污染事故时，必须立即向海事管理机构报告；造成渔业水体污染事故的，必须立即向市农业部门报告。
第四章 景区水污染防治
第二十一条 景区内堆放固体废物的场地和堆放原料的场地，应有专用防渗、防洪、防溢措施。
第二十二条 景区内现有工矿企事业单位（包括饭店、宾馆和医疗单位）应积极防治污染，外排废水应达到国家排放标准。对达不到国家排放标准的单位责令限期治理，逾期未完成治理任务的，报有批准权的人民政府批准，责令关闭。
景区内所有排污单位的污水处理设施必须确保正常运行，不得擅自停运或闲置，如确需停运检修时应提前3日向市环保部门报告，经批准后方可停运。
第二十三条 控制使用有机氯农药，推广高效低毒低残留农药，并逐步采取综合防治病虫害的措施。
第二十四条 景区内应大力植树造林，禁止乱砍滥伐林木、乱征滥占林地。有计划地进行抚育和更新性质的采伐时，必须报市林业部门批准。
景区内应保持生态平衡，禁止乱采滥伐野生植物和捕杀景区内的各种鸟类、青蛙等野生动物。
景区内的观赏性养殖，应规范管理、控制规模、数量，切实做好防控重大动物疫病工作。
第二十五条 科学划定核心景区，其范围包括：
㈠景区内所有可浏览水域；
㈡景区内所有的生态保护区；
㈢景区内自然景观保护区；
㈣风景浏览线路依自然地貌环境视线可达视域范围；
㈤景区内史迹保护区的全部范围。
核心景区内餐饮业应合理布局，严格控制数量。核心景区餐饮业主必须持有工商等有关部门核发的证照，不得超出经营范围，其生活、餐饮废水必须进行无害化处理，达到零排放。
第二十六条 景区景点的废水排放必须达到国家《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）中的一级排放标准。
第二十七条 仙女湖水域周围、码头应当按国家规定的标准设立必要的环卫设施。现有不符合国家规定标准的环卫设施，应当立即停止使用和限期迁移。
景区景点应当配置防渗漏的垃圾回收储存装置，生活垃圾和其它固体废物必须实行袋装化管理，统一收集，进行无害化处理。
第二十八条 推进洁净旅游，洁净消费，提升游客的生态旅游意识，把对水环境的影响降到最低限度。
第二十九条 所有新建、扩建、改建项目，都必须进行环境影响评价，并经过市环保部门审查同意后，才能列入报建计划。项目竣工后，必须通过环境保护“三同时”验收后，方可投入使用。本办法施行前已建成的排放污染物的建设项目，依法责令拆除或者关闭。
景区景点建设规划设计方案应符合景区总体规划，并经省建设主管部门报国务院建设主管部门审批。
第五章 责任
第三十条 违反本办法第八条、第九条、第十条规定的，由市环保、农业部门和海事管理机构责令停止违法行为，依法予以处罚。
除前款规定外，违反本办法第九条第㈡项、第十条第㈠项规定的，由市有关部门报经市人民政府批准，责令拆除或者关闭。
第三十一条 违反本办法，在保护区设置排污口的，由市有关部门报经市人民政府批准，责令限期拆除、恢复原状；逾期不拆除、不恢复原状的，强行拆除、恢复原状，并依法予以处罚。
第三十二条 违反本办法其他规定的，由市有关部门按照各自职责依法予以处罚。
第三十三条 市有关部门或管理机构及其工作人员违反本办法规定，玩忽职守、滥用职权、徇私舞弊，由其所在单位或主管机关依法给予行政处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
第六章 附则
第三十四条 本办法自2008年7月1日起施行。
The Draft Constitution and Human Rights Protection in European Union
周大勇 (Zhou,Dayong)
1 the general introduction of the draft constitution in aspect of the human rights
2 short review of the human rights protection in European Union
3 the new points in aspect of human rights in the draft constitution
3.1 common values
3.2 incorporation of the Charter of fundamental rights
3.3 other changes could affect the human rights
4 arisen questions
4.1 the protection different from under the Convention
4.2 the two courts system and its application
5 conclusions in a historical view
1 general introduction of the draft constitution in aspect of the human rights
“Conscious that Europe is a continent that has brought forth civilization; That its inhabitants, arriving in successive waves from earliest times, have gradually developed the values underlying humanism: equality of persons, freedom, respect for reason” Extract from the preamble to the draft Constitution
In past 16 years, the European Union (EU hereafter) has marked itself through a series of changes. From The Single European Act, in which the Union committed itself to create a single market and at the same time establish on its territory the freedom of movement of people, goods, services as well as capital, to Maastricht Treaty, which brought the Union into reality and led to common foreign policy and cooperation in the area of justice and internal affairs as a higher level cooperation among Member States. Then the following Amsterdam (1997) and Nice (2001) Treaties, strengthened cooperation in foreign and security policy and placed Justice and Home Affairs matters and established the frame for the Union as a legitimate institution, in which people from different nations integrated in a large region would have common historical direction and splendid future before them. Just before the door of enlargement of the Union, it was argued that the Union has to improve democracy and transparency as well as efficiency, in order to outlines the EU’s purpose and competence clearly and streamline structures so as to prevent paralysis, therefore a new constitution for the Union is determined to replace the EU's series of key treaties in passed over the last 50 years as a single document .
Under leading of former French President and master draftsman Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, the European Convention set about its work of drafting the European Union's first ever full-fledged constitution. With the convention's work completed, the draft must now be finalized by an Intergovernmental Conference of European leaders that is expected to complete deliberations by the end of the 2003. As far as our topic is concerned, noticeably modifications come out in the constitution contract, first of all, the incorporation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights, which we will discuss later. In the beginning it is meaningful to consider the statues of the draft constitution in the progress course of the Union. The Union desires to bring peace and prosperity, to promote economic and social progress through continuously integrating market and expanding freedom under light of united institution and social systems . These goals, however, are the foundation of development and protection of human rights . That means, if we regard human rights as a series right which realized at first in peaceful and law-ruling society, then the Union has already kept on entrenching to appreciate these goal from beginning on, and now by means of perusing such goal in a larger region through enlargement, the EU’s influence extent to broader area and more people.
The draft constitution then in such context should be viewed as another historical phase in the process. Because the promoting of well-being and fortune of people depend not only on the development of economic situation and adding some single freedom clauses into the governmental documents, but also upon the entire politic system and background in which we live. Without governing based on democratic and effective institutional structure, and especially a ripe legislation and judiciary mechanism, the realization and protection of human rights could only be on the paper. This is also one of the motive caused the Declaration on the future of the European Union which committed the Union to becoming more democratic, more transparent and effective, in order to pave the way for a Constitution in response to the expectations of the people of Europe . In this perspective, one shall recognize the Constitution as a moving forward step of the whole EU institutionalization targeting its goal, so that to discuss the Constitution in connection with the human right protection, it is helpful to review the human rights protection in Europe and, especially in EU.
2 short review of the human rights protection in European Union
The protection of human rights has been internationally come to life in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 (UDHR) with reorganization of disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind and respect for inherent dignity as well as the equal rights of all members of the human. This declaration states explicitly that the rights and freedoms of humans have to be guaranteed without distinction and destruction by any group, state or person. These principles were broadly accepted by European countries, considering the origin of the EU (EC) and the historical separation in Europe after WWII, we denote only the contracting countries of European Community.
For the Member States of EC, the Council of Europe has been up to now the most important instrument, which established in 1949 as a result of the Congress of Europe in The Hague , and took for the basic of the human rights protection. The Council accepted the principles of Universal Declaration of Human Rights and integrated it into The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights (the Convention hereafter), which and its 12 Protocols turned out to be the significant resource for Human Rights protection in Europe. Because of the existence of the Convention, the other two organizations established in the same age aftermath of the Second World War, i.e. OEEC and the European Communities didn’t include relevant clauses for Human Rights protection into their founding treaties. Since it was agreed at that time, the Council of Europe would focus on the protection of human rights, fundamental freedoms and democratic values, whereas the OECD and the European Communities were to be concerned with the economic restoration of Europe. The reason of separate organizations was based on a view to avoiding economic excuses for future inhumanity. Another reason came from the thought, which believed that the process of economic integration set forth in the Community Treaties could not lead to a violation of human rights. Furthermore, the original Member States in the Treaty of Rome feared, that the inclusion of a "bill of rights" in the Treaty might have brought about an undesirable expansion of Community powers, since it could lead Community institutions to interpret their powers as extending to anything not explicitly prohibited by the enumerated guarantees.
Under the regime of Council of Europe, a lots of achievement of human rights improvement has been reached , yet along with the development and expansion of EU, another mechanism on protection of human rights which does not totally rely on the Council of Europe has derived out on one hand, on the other hand being lack of provisions ruling human rights protection in the Treaty establishing EC did not prevent the EC and the later European Union from providing care for the protection against the violations on human rights. Naturally, how could a swelling supranational organization as EC, which has been continually strengthening its power in all social aspects, does not involve in human rights issues especially when the consciousness of human rights nowadays become more significant both in international and national stages? Regarding to EU, The protection system has been formed in three aspects.
First of all, the legislation in the Member States of EU. Since there were no Member States of EU (EC) which accedes to the Community without being a member of the Council of Europe, and according to the Convention, it impose obligations on the Member States that they should ensure that the internal laws and practices comply with the human rights standards set out in the instruments. Very member states in EU have recognize the principles derived from the Convention and incorporated them somehow into national laws, most importantly, provided constitutive protection as the basic legal resource for human rights protection. For example in Germany, Basic Law (Grundgesetz) Art 1 to 19 deliver explicit provisions even beyond the Convention; the same case as Part VIII (§71-85) in Constitution of Denmark ; in Britain the Act of Human Rights came into force on 2 October 2000 steers extending a ways, in which the Convention can be used before domestic courts. Certainly, according to the classic human rights lessons, the basic protection of human rights could only be afforded at the national level through national legislation and excise of authoritative power.
Secondly, the institutions and legislation at the EU level acts also with high respect to the human rights protection. The EU has showed its commitment to human rights and fundamental freedoms and has explicitly confirmed the EU's attachment to fundamental social rights ever since its establishment.
The Amsterdam Treaty established procedures intended to secure their protection. It was ascertained, as a general principle, that the European Union should respect human rights and fundamental freedoms, upon which the Union is founded. For the first time a procedure is introduced, according to which severe and continuing violations of Fundamental Rights can lead to suspension of voting and other rights of a member state, if the Union determined the existence of a serious and persistent breach of these principles by that Member State. As to the Candidate countries, they should also respect these principles to join the Union. Furthermore, It has also given the European Court of Justice the power to ensure respect of fundamental rights and freedoms by the European institutions. In accordance with the inner requirement for the implementation of development cooperation operations, in order to reach objective of developing and consolidating democracy, EU also need its rule respecting for human rights. Such cases we have are for instance the EU Council’s regulation on human rights, Council Regulation (EC) No 975/199 and Council Regulation (EC) No 976/1999 for example, are aimed at providing technical and financial aid for operations to promote and protect of civil and political rights as well as economic, social and cultural rights etc.
Likewise, at their meeting in Cologne in June 1999, EU leaders declared that in respect to the current stage of progress of the European Union, the fundamental rights applicable at Union level should be pushed forward, namely be consolidated in a Charter and thereby made more evident. They argued, that the legal resources of human rights protection come from not only the European Convention of Human Right, but also from various international conventions drawn up by the Council of Europe as well as the United Nations and the International Labor Organization, they also include EU treaties themselves and from the case law of the European Court of Justice. As a result, a Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (the Charter hereinafter) was sketch out, which highlighted the EU’s respect for human rights, for fundamental freedoms and for the principle of democracy through listing more rights a more precise definition of the common values comparing the early documents including the Convention. We will continue to concentrate on the Charter in point 3 since it has been integrated in the draft Constitution as an outstanding achievement.
Finally, the opinion and case-law of European Court of Justice (ECJ hereafter) also have immense impact on the establishment of the instrument of human rights protection within EU.
Although the jurisprudence developed by the ECJ recognizes the Convention as the standard-setter in cases in which the Court has to consider and decide a human rights issue, since there were no relevant legislation existed in the frame of the Community, the ECJ furnish itself power in this aspect by means of case-law. Earlier in 1974, the ECJ first made reference to the ECHR in the Nold judgment, in which the ECJ emphasized its commitment to fundamental human rights based on the constitutional traditions of the Member States’ fundamental rights form an integral part of the general principles of law which the Court enforces. In assuring the protection of such rights, the Court is required to base itself on the constitutional traditions common to the Member States and therefore could not allow measures, which are incompatible with the fundamental rights recognized and guaranteed by the constitutions of such States. The ECJ declared, that the international treaties on the protection of human rights in which the Member States have cooperated or to which they have adhered could also supply indications which may be taken into account within the framework of Community law.
That implied, even without clear regulations in the treaties, the remedy against violation on human rights could also be provided within the framework of the Community in respect for the common traditions applied to the Member States, and in connection with we have mentioned about the Member States’ above, the principles and resource applied to the Member States derived from the Council of Europe. Thus a EU standard could be established by transform a rating comparison of the members’ legal systems to the case-law in ECJ in respect for human rights.
